Past Perfect

Past Perfect

In general, we use it for actions that occurred before another action in the past.

We use the perfect past to refer to an action or event that started in the past and that precedes another action also in the past. The action that occurred first is in the past perfect and the one that follows in simple past.

Affirmative Sentences

Subject + "had" + past participle

Examples:

I had visited the Louvre before, so I knew where the Mona Lisa was.

They had studied English before they went to London.

Negative Sentences

Subject + "had" + "not" + past participle

Examples:

I hadn’t visited the Louvre before so I didn’t know where the Mona Lisa was.

They hadn’t studied English before they went to London.

Interrogative Sentences

"Had" + subject + past participle ...?

Examples:

How did you know where the Mona Lisa was? Had you visited the Louvre before?

Had they studied English before they went to London?

Exercises
https://www.curso-ingles.com/practicar/ejercicios/past-perfect
https://www.curso-ingles.com/practicar/ejercicios/unit-test-past-perfect
https://www.vitutor.com/gramatica_inglesa/verb_tense/past_perfect_ej1.html

Future Tense

The simple future refers to a time later than now, and expresses facts or certainty. In this case there is no 'attitude'.

The simple future is a verb tense that’s used to talk about things that haven’t happened yet.

Example; This year, Jen will read War and Peace. It will be hard, but she’s determined to do it.

Use the simple future to talk about an action or condition that will begin and end in the future.

                    How to Form the Simple Future

The formula for the simple future is will + [root form of verb].

Example; I will learn a new language.

Jen will read that book.

You will see what I mean

It doesn’t matter if the subject is singular or plural; the formula for the simple future doesn’t change.

There is another way to show that something will happen in the future. It follows the formula [am/is/are] + going to + [root form verb].

Examples; I am going to learn a new language.

 Jen is going to read that book. 

My brothers are going to sleep till noon if no one wakes them up. 

You are going to see what I mean.

The “going to” construction is common in speech and casual writing. Keep in mind though that it’s on the informal side, so it’s a good idea to stick to the will + [root form] construction in formal writing.

How to Make the Simple Future Negative

To make the simple future negative, the formula is will + not + [root form].

Examples; Jen will not quit before she reaches her goal.

 Make sure you arrive on time tomorrow because the bus will not wait for you.

 He will not say anything bad about his boss.

 I will not finish my homework in time for class.

How to Ask a Question

To ask a question in the simple future, the formula is will + [subject] + [root form].

Examples; Will Jen finish War and Peace over the summer?

 Will I have the discipline to study Spanish every day? 

What will you buy with the money you found?

The formula for the “going to” construction is [am/is/are] + [subject] +going to + [root form].

Example; Is Jen going to finish War and Peace over the summer? 

Exercises.

https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/future.htm

https://www.english-4u.de/en/tenses-exercises/future.htm

https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/future-tenses-form-mixed-exercise-1.html

Past simple

Past simple

The past simple is used to talk about actions already concluded in the past.. The time period of these actions is not as important as in Spanish. In the simple past there are regular verbs and irregular verbs.

Regulr verbs

To form the simple past with regular verbs, we add "ed" at the end of each verb. The form is the same for all people (I, you, he, she, it, we, they).

• learn → learned
• Play →  Played
• Stay → Stayed

1. For verbs that end in an "e", we only add "d".
Examples:

• change → changed  

• believe → believed

2. If the verb ends in a short vowel and a consonant (except "y" or "w"), we double the final consonant.
Examples:

• stop → stopped  

• commit → committed 

3. With verbs that end in a consonant and a "y", the "y" is changed to an "i".
Examples:

• study → studied  

• try → tried

 Irregular verbs

There are many irregular verbs → more here → https://grupovaughan.com/a/lista-de-verbos-irregulares-en-ingles/

There are three most used irregular verbs that are also used as auxiliaries

• be  →   was (I, he, she, it) 

                         were (you, we, they) 

• do   →       did 

• have   →    had

Structure

Affirmative Sentences

Subject + main verb

• I enjoyed the holidays. 
• We believed him.
• I bought a blue car.
• They broke the table.
• She was a doctor.

   Negative Sentences

Subject + auxiliary verb (to do) + "not" + main verb (in infinitive) ...

Subject + "be" + "no" ...

• She wasn’t a doctor.
• The keys weren’t in the drawer.

• I didn’t want to dance. 
• They didn’t learn English.     
• We didn’t believe him.     
• I didn’t buy a blue car

Interrogative

"To be" + subject ...?

Auxiliary verb (to do) + subject + main verb (in infinitive) ...?

• Was she a doctor?
• Were the keys in the drawer?

• Did you want to dance? 
• Did they learn English?
• Did you believe him?
• Did you buy a blue car? 

 

exercises here--- https://www.curso-ingles.com/practicar/ejercicios/past-simple

 

Have to Must

Hello, I´m Jonathan, i have 17 years old, my birthday is December 5th, my favorite food is pizza, my favorite color is blue, my favorite band is Led Zeppelin, and my favorite hobbies are reading and playing videogames.

https://storybird.com/picture-book/tips-for-playing-the-rankeds-in-paladins-

The difference between MUST and HAVE TO
Must refers to an obligation between two people, or an obligation that you feel. And have to refers to an external obligation ... the rules, the law, something you have what to do and period.
How to use the modal modal auxiliary Have To Normally in my classes I explain that to have is something that if you do not do it, there are consequences: I have to get up early tomorrow. I have a meeting at 9 AM. You have to get a visa if you want to work in Australia. I have to pay my taxes this month. They have to stay at work until they finish the project.
We have to leave now. If we do not, we'll miss our flight.
All these phrases are things you have to do. If not, something will happen to you. If you do not get the visa, you break the law. If you do not arrive on time, you miss the flight. If you do not go to the meeting, your boss gets angry. Whatever is.
How to use the MUST modal auxiliary
+ Must is a personal obligation, an obligation imposed by the speaker. If I say I must, it's something I feel, not something I have to do.
And if I say you must is not a rule or the law, but something that I want (strongly) that you do. A personal obligation, not institutional:
You must come visit me when you're in town. I must go to bed. I'm exhausted. When you go to Barcelona, ​​you must visit the cathedral. It's beautiful! You must try that new Italian restaurant. The food is great!
I have a toothache. I must call the dentist to make an appointment. In any case, in written and formal English, must also be used for external obligations that come from rules, law, etc.

Exercises:

http://www.ejerciciodeingles.com/ejercicios-verbos-modales-must-have-to-expresar-obligacion-rellenar-huecos/

https://www.aulafacil.com/cursos/ingles/repaso-de-gramatica/ejercicios-must-have-to-l22659

Past Continuous

Hello, my name is Monse.

I am 17 years old, I do not like children's and egg's. I like philosophy and art. I am biodegradable  like ardiballos. Radiohead, Rammstein and Pink Floyd they are my favorite bands. 

All Right. As it is said in the title of the entry, I will explain the past continuous. The continuous past is used for actions that were happening at a specific time in the past. As the present continuous, it is formed with the auxiliary verb "to be" and the verb + ing.Form

Form. To form the continuous past the auxiliary verb "to be" and the verb + ing are used. The auxiliary verb "to be" is in simple past, but keep in mind that "to be" is an irregular verb.

Subject + auxiliary verb (was / were) + verb + ing.

Affirmative Sentences examples:

Negative sentences:

                               Sujeto + verbo auxiliar (wasn´t / weren´t) + verbo+ing.

I was not [wasn’t] talking. He was not [wasn’t] eating. They were not [weren’t] learning Interrogative SentencesAuxiliary verb (to be) + subject + verb + ing? Examples: Were you talking? Was he eating? Were they learning? Here you have some digital pages to reinforce the knowledge: https://www.vitutor.com/gramatica_inglesa/verb_tense/simple_past_ej9.html https://www.curso-ingles.com/practicar/ejercicios/past-continuous-2 https://www.ejerciciosinglesonline.com/exercises-and-theory/grammar-exercises-and-theory/past-continuous/ Stotybird https://storybird.com/picture-book/preview/the-unhappy-girl-0